@misc{10481/67348,
year = {2021},
month = {2},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/67348},
abstract = {Background: Implementation of Professional Pharmacy Services (PPSs) requires a demonstration of the service’s
impact (efficacy) and its effectiveness. Several systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCT) have shown
the efficacy of PPSs in patient’s outcomes in community pharmacy. There is, however, a need to determine the
level of evidence on the effectiveness of PPSs in daily practice by means of pragmatic trials.
To identify and analyse pragmatic RCTs that measure the effectiveness of PPSs in clinical, economic and humanistic
outcomes in the community pharmacy setting.
Methods: A systematic search was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and SCIELO. The search
was performed on January 31, 2020. Papers were assessed against the following inclusion criteria (1) The
intervention could be defined as a PPS; (2) Undertaken in a community pharmacy setting; (3) Was an original paper;
(4) Reported quantitative measures of at least one health outcome indicator (ECHO model); (5) The design was
considered as a pragmatic RCT, that is, it fulfilled 3 predefined attributes. External validity was analyzed with PRECIS-
2 tool.
Results: The search strategy retrieved 1,587 papers. A total of 12 pragmatic RCTs assessing 5 different types of PPSs
were included. Nine out of the 12 papers showed positive statistically significant differences in one or more of the
primary outcomes (clinical, economic or humanistic) that could be associated with the following PPS: Smoking
cessation, Dispensing/Adherence service, Independent prescribing and MTM. No paper reported on costeffectiveness
outcomes.
Conclusions: There is limited available evidence on the effectiveness of community-based PPS. Pragmatic RCTs to
evaluate clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of PPS are needed.},
publisher = {Bmc},
keywords = {Naturalistic},
keywords = {Comparative effectiveness research},
keywords = {Pragmatic clinical trials},
keywords = {Pharmaceutical care},
keywords = {Community pharmacy services},
keywords = {Clinical pharmacy services},
keywords = {Professional pharmacy services},
keywords = {Community pharmacy},
title = {Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies},
doi = {10.1186/s12913-021-06150-8},
author = {Doval R., Varas and Saéz Benito, Loreto and Gastelurrutia Garralda, Miguel Ángel and I., Benrimoj S. and García Cárdenas, María Victoria and Martínez Martínez, Fernando},
}