@misc{10481/66974,
year = {2021},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/66974},
abstract = {Intentional poisoning is a global wildlife problem and an overlooked risk factor for public
health. Managing poisoning requires unbiased and high-quality data through wildlife monitoring
protocols, which are largely lacking. We herein evaluated the biases associated with current monitoring programmes of wildlife poisoning in Spain. We compared the national poisoning database
for the 1990–2015 period with information obtained from a field experiment during which we used
camera-traps to detect the species that consumed non-poisoned baits. Our findings suggest that the
detection rate of poisoned animals is species-dependent: Several animal groups (e.g., domestic mammalian carnivores and vultures) tended to be over-represented in the poisoning national database,
while others (e.g., corvids and small mammals) were underrepresented. As revealed by the GLMM
analyses, the probability of a given species being overrepresented was higher for heaviest, aerial, and
cryptic species. In conclusion, we found that monitoring poisoned fauna based on heterogeneous
sources may produce important biases in detection rates; thus, such information should be used with
caution by managers and policy-makers. Our findings may guide to future search efforts aimed to
reach a more comprehensive understanding of the intentional wildlife poisoning problem.},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) 

BES-2016-077351},
organization = {European Social Fund (ESF)},
organization = {Ramon y Cajal research contract from MINECO 

RYC-2015-19231},
organization = {Juan de la Cierva research contract from MINECO 

IJC2019-038968-I},
organization = {Generalitat Valenciana

European Commission},
organization = {European Commission

SEJI/2018/024
APOSTD/2019/016},
organization = {MINECO},
organization = {European Commission

CGL2015-66966C2-1-2-R
CGL2017-89905-R
RTI2018-099609-B-C21-C22},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Human-wildlife conflict},
keywords = {Predator control},
keywords = {Public health},
keywords = {Vultures},
keywords = {Wildlife conservation},
keywords = {Wildlife poisoning},
title = {Biases in the Detection of Intentionally Poisoned Animals: Public Health and Conservation Implications from a Field Experiment},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18031201},
author = {Gil Sánchez, José María and Moleón Páiz, Marcos},
}