@misc{10481/66709,
year = {2021},
month = {1},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/66709},
abstract = {There are no validated instruments to date that have examined the students’ perceptions
of externally and internally controlling teaching practices in physical education (PE). Grounded in
self-determination theory, the objective of this research was to provide validity and reliability evidence
of the Controlling Teaching Scale for Physical Education (CTS-PE) to assess the external and internal
faces of controlling teaching in PE through two sequential studies. In Study 1 (n = 241 students), an
exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-item two-factor solution (four items per factor). In Study
2 (n = 968 students), a confirmatory factor analysis supported the eight-item two-factor correlated
model (i.e., externally and internally controlling teaching) that was invariant across gender. Reliability
coefficients indicated an acceptable level of reliability for the two factors of the CTS-PE. A structural
equation modelling showed that externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours positively
predicted need frustration, and negatively need satisfaction. The current study gathered evidence to
consider the CTS-PE as a valid and reliable instrument to assess students’ perceptions of PE teachers’
externally and internally controlling teaching behaviours. The CTS-PE provides PE teachers with
deeper insights into the negative psychological experiences associated with externally and internally
controlling teaching behaviours in PE.},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) 	
EDU2013-42048-R},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Motivating style},
keywords = {Need-thwarting behaviours},
keywords = {Controlling behaviour},
keywords = {Externally controlling},
keywords = {Internally controlling},
keywords = {Basic psychological needs},
title = {Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Measure Perceived External and Internal Faces of Controlling Teaching among Students in Physical Education},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18010298},
author = {Burgueño Menjibar, Rafael and Abós, Ángel and García González, Luis and Tilga, Henri and Sevil Serrano, Javier},
}