@misc{10481/65071,
year = {2020},
month = {10},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/65071},
abstract = {Although the number of Internet of Things devices increases every year, efforts to decrease
hardware energy demands and to improve efficiencies of the energy-harvesting stages have reached
an ultra-low power level. However, no current standard of wireless communication protocol (WCP)
can fully address those scenarios. Our focus in this paper is to introduce treNch, a novel WCP
implementing the cross-layer principle to use the power input for adapting its operation in a dynamic
manner that goes from pure best-effort to nearly real time. Together with the energy-management
algorithm, it operates with asynchronous transmissions, synchronous and optional receptions,
short frame sizes and a light architecture that gives control to the nodes. These features make
treNch an optimal option for wireless sensor networks with ultra-low power demands and severe
energy fluctuations. We demonstrate through a comparison with different modes of Bluetooth Low
Energy (BLE) a decrease of the power consumption in 1 to 2 orders of magnitude for different
scenarios at equal quality of service. Moreover, we propose some security optimizations, such as
shorter over-the-air counters, to reduce the packet overhead without decreasing the security level.
Finally, we discuss other features aside of the energy needs, such as latency, reliability or topology,
brought again against BLE.},
organization = {ECSEL Joint Undertaking through CONNECT project 	
737434},
organization = {Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)},
organization = {European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (MECD)/FEDER-EU 	
FPU18/01376},
organization = {BBVA Foundation},
organization = {University of Granada},
publisher = {Mdpi},
keywords = {Wireless sensor networks (WSN)},
keywords = {Internet of Things (IoT)},
keywords = {Ultra-low power},
keywords = {Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)},
keywords = {Energy harvesting},
title = {treNch: Ultra-Low Power Wireless Communication Protocol for IoT and Energy Harvesting},
doi = {10.3390/s20216156},
author = {Moreno Cruz, Fernando and Toral López, Víctor and Rivadeneyra Torres, Almudena and Morales Santos, Diego Pedro},
}