@misc{10481/63120,
year = {2017},
month = {8},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/63120},
abstract = {Light-by-light scattering (γγ → γγ) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 μb−1 of lead–lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, here we report evidence for light-by-light scattering. A total of 13 candidate events were observed with an expected background of 2.6 ± 0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross-section of the process Pb + Pb (γγ) → Pb(∗) + Pb(∗)γγ, for photon transverse energy ET > 3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity |η| < 2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 ± 24 (stat.) ± 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with the standard model predictions.},
organization = {BCKDF},
organization = {Canada Council},
organization = {CANARIE},
organization = {Australian Government},
organization = {Department of Industry, Innovation and Science},
organization = {Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme},
organization = {Compute Canada},
organization = {FQRNT},
organization = {Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada},
organization = {EPLANET},
organization = {European Research Council (ERC)},
organization = {European Union (EU)},
organization = {FP7},
organization = {Horizon 2020},
organization = {French National Research Agency (ANR)},
organization = {Fondation Partager le Savoir, France},
organization = {German Research Foundation (DFG)},
organization = {Alexander von Humboldt Foundation},
organization = {Thales programme},
organization = {Aristeia programme},
organization = {Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT},
organization = {BSF, Israel},
organization = {German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development},
organization = {Minerva, Israel},
organization = {BRF, Norway},
organization = {Generalitat Valenciana},
organization = {Royal Society of London},
organization = {Leverhulme Trust},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC},
doi = {10.1038/nphys4208},
author = {Aaboud, M. and Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio and Atlas Collaboration},
}