@misc{10481/61946,
year = {2019},
month = {7},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/61946},
abstract = {Currently, there is increasing evidence linking diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes
mellitus) with carcinogenesis through various biological processes, such as fat-induced chronic
inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and angiogenesis. Chemotherapeutic agents are
used in the treatment of cancer, but in most cases, patients develop resistance. Phenformin, an
oral biguanide drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, was removed from the market due to
a high risk of fatal lactic acidosis. However, it has been shown that phenformin is, with other
biguanides, an authentic tumor disruptor, not only by the production of hypoglycemia due to caloric
restriction through AMP-activated protein kinase with energy detection (AMPK) but also as a blocker
of the mTOR regulatory complex. Moreover, the addition of phenformin eliminates resistance to
antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), which prevent the uncontrolled metabolism of glucose
in tumor cells. In this review, we evidence the great potential of phenformin as an anticancer agent.
We thoroughly review its mechanism of action and clinical trial assays, specially focusing on current
challenges and future perspectives of this promising drug.},
organization = {This research was supported by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (project FMM-AP16683-2017),
Consejería de Salud Junta de Andalucía (PI-0089-2017), the MNat Scientitc Unit of Excellence (UCE.PP2017.0f) and
the Chair “Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research”.},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Biguanides},
keywords = {Phenformin},
keywords = {Cancer},
keywords = {Cancer stem cells},
title = {Phenformin as an Anticancer Agent: Challenges and Prospects},
doi = {10.3390/ijms20133316},
author = {García Rubiño, María Eugenia and Carrillo Delgado, Esmeralda Esperanza and Ruiz Alcalá, Gloria and Domínguez Martín, Alicia and Marchal Corrales, Juan Antonio and Boulaiz Tassi, Houria},
}