@misc{10481/57778,
year = {2018},
month = {9},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/57778},
abstract = {Magnetic hydrogels are becoming increasingly in demand for technical and biomedical applications, especially for tissue engineering purposes.
Among them, alginate-based magnetic hydrogels emerge as one of the preferred formulations, due to the abundance, low cost, and biocompatibility
of alginate polymers. However, their relatively slow gelation kinetics provokes strong particle settling, resulting in
nonhomogeneous magnetic hydrogels. Here, we study magnetic hydrogels prepared by a novel two-step protocol that allows obtaining macroscopically
homogeneous systems, consisting of magnetic microparticles embedded within the alginate network. We describe a comprehensive
characterization (morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties under shear stresses) of the resulting magnetic hydrogels. We pay
special attention to the effects of particle volume fraction (up to 0.33) and strength of the magnetic field on the viscoelastic properties of the
magnetic hydrogels. Our results indicate that magnetic hydrogels are strongly strengthened against shear stresses as magnetic particle concentration
and applied field intensity increase. Finally, we report an adaptation of the two-step protocol for the injection of the magnetic hydrogels
that might be adequate for implementation in vivo. Interestingly, injected magnetic hydrogels present similar morphology and mechanical
properties to noninjected hydrogels. To conclude, we report magnetic alginate hydrogels with adequate homogeneity and injectability character.
These characteristics, together with the broad range of their mechanical properties, make them perfect candidates for cutting-edge technology.},
organization = {FIS2013-41821-R (Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, MINECO, Spain, cofunded by ERDF, European Union) and FIS2017-85954-R (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y competitividad, MINECO, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, Spain, cofunded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER, European Union). 
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, projects 02.A03.21.0006, 3.1438.2017/4.6, and 3.5214.2017/6.7, as well as to the Russian Fund of Basic Researches, project 18-08-00178.
French government, piloted by the National Research Agency (ANR) in the framework of the project Future
Investments UCA JEDI, Ref. No. ANR-15-IDEX-01 (RheoGels).)},
title = {Rheology of magnetic alginate hydrogels},
doi = {10.1122/1.5028137},
author = {Duran, Juan DG and López López, Modesto Torcuato and Gila Vilchez, Cristina and Bonhome Espinosa, Ana Belén and Kuzhir, Pavel and Zubarev, Andrey and López López, Modesto Torcuato},
}