@misc{10481/57358,
year = {2019},
month = {6},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/57358},
abstract = {Symphytum species belongs to the Boraginaceae family and have been used for centuries for
bone breakages, sprains and rheumatism, liver problems, gastritis, ulcers, skin problems, joint pain
and contusions, wounds, gout, hematomas and thrombophlebitis. Considering the innumerable
potentialities of the Symphytum species and their widespread use in the world, it is extremely
important to provide data compiling the available literature to identify the areas of intense research
and the main gaps in order to design future studies. The present review aims at summarizing the
main data on the therapeutic indications of the Symphytum species based on the current evidence,
also emphasizing data on both the e cacy and adverse e ects. The present review was carried
out by consulting PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science
Direct and Google Scholar (as a search engine) databases to retrieve the most updated articles on this
topic. All articles were carefully analyzed by the authors to assess their strengths and weaknesses,
and to select the most useful ones for the purpose of review, prioritizing articles published from 1956
to 2018. The pharmacological e ects of the Symphytum species are attributed to several chemical
compounds, among them allantoin, phenolic compounds, glycopeptides, polysaccharides and some
toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Not less important to highlight are the risks associated with its use.
In fact, there is increasing consumption of over-the-counter drugs, which when associated with
conventional drugs can cause serious and even fatal adverse events. Although clinical trials sustain
the folk topical application of Symphytum species in musculoskeletal and blunt injuries, with minor
adverse e ects, its antimicrobial potency was still poorly investigated. Further studies are needed to
assess the antimicrobial spectrum of Symphytum species and to characterize the active molecules both
in vitro and in vivo.},
publisher = {Molecules},
keywords = {Symphytum species},
keywords = {Phytochemistry},
keywords = {Biological activity},
keywords = {Clinical trials},
title = {Symphytum Species: A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Phytopharmacology},
doi = {10.3390/molecules24122272},
author = {Salehi, Bahare and Rodríguez Pérez, Celia},
}