@misc{10481/112720,
year = {2026},
month = {5},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/112720},
abstract = {Battery modules composed of parallel-connected cells are commonly used as building blocks of battery packs, 
but their behavior is complex due to cell dynamics, as well as cell-to-cell heterogeneities and interactions. 
Furthermore, their simulation by means of empirical equivalent circuit models poses limitations because of lack 
of generalization, whereas electrochemical models lead to a challenging calculation of the current distribution. 
In this article, an electrically consistent method for the calculation of the equivalent voltage and resistance 
of a cell is presented according to the physically motivated discrete transmission line model. This enables the 
efficient computation of output voltage and current distribution for parallel-connected cells while providing 
interpretable physical information about the operation at each level. The presented approach is validated 
experimentally against a dataset of a 4P module in which interconnection resistance, ambient temperature, 
and the presence of an aged cell are considered as input parameters, with accurate and consistent results for 
module voltage (≤20 mV RMS) and current distribution (≤4.4% RMS). Moreover, the proposed framework 
exhibits higher computational efficiency and comparable scalability in relation to established approaches, 
while providing improved consistency between module-level behavior and cell-level dynamics. Therefore, the 
proposed method based on the transmission line model and hierarchical simplification is a suitable alternative 
for the physically motivated simulation and analysis of battery modules.},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation - (PID2023-151251OB-I00) (FPU22/00501)},
organization = {University of Granada via Applied Research - (C-ING-188-UGR23)},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Lithium-ion battery},
keywords = {Parallel connection},
keywords = {Battery module},
title = {Efficient physics-based modeling and experimental validation of parallel-connected battery cells enabled by the transmission line model},
doi = {10.1016/j.etran.2026.100583},
author = {Rodríguez Iturriaga, Pablo and Rodríguez Bolívar, Salvador and Onori, Simona and López Villanueva, Juan Antonio},
}