@misc{10481/112565,
year = {2026},
month = {4},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/112565},
abstract = {Governments worldwide are increasingly exploring the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support and transform policymaking. Despite the growing number of national AI strategies and initiatives, systematic evidence on how AI is integrated across the stages of the policymaking process remains limited. This lack of clarity risks fragmented integration and slows the diffusion of effective 
practices. This study addresses this gap by examining how AI-enabled policy actions are incorporated into policymaking processes across eight European countries. We analyze policy documents to identify AI-enabled policy actions and map them across the phases of the public policy cycle. The analysis reveals 33 AI-enabled policy actions and reveals uneven integration across policy stages and countries. While several actions focus on data infrastructure, digital public services, and agenda setting, considerably fewer initiatives target implementation monitoring, evaluation, and responsibility-related governance mechanisms. The study contributes to the literature by (1) systematically mapping AI-enabled policy actions across the policy cycle, (2) identifying integration gaps in current policymaking practices, and (3) outlining eight directions for future research.},
organization = {National Research Agency, Spanish Ministry of Science (AI_PublicGov, PID2022-136283OB-I00)},
organization = {Regional Government of Andalusia C-SEJ-325-GR23},
organization = {University of Granada, Spain},
organization = {Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW 2023.0451)},
publisher = {Elservier},
keywords = {artificial intelligence},
keywords = {AI governance},
keywords = {AI},
keywords = {digital government},
keywords = {public policy},
keywords = {public policy cycle},
keywords = {policymaking},
keywords = {policy analysis},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Policymaking: Mapping Integration Gaps Across the Public Policy Cycle},
doi = {10.1016/j.giq.2026.102138},
author = {Lnenicka, Martin and Clarinval, Antoine and Nikiforova, Anastasija and Rudmark, Daniel and Luterek, Mariusz and Symeonidis, Dimitris and Rodríguez Bolívar, Manuel Pedro},
}