@misc{10481/111672,
year = {2026},
month = {12},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/111672},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer (BC) is a significant global health issue and the most common cancer among women. 
Early detection via mammography is crucial for improving survival rates. This systematic review (SR) explores the 
impact of educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on women’s BC knowledge, beliefs, and 
intentions regarding mammography among women aged 40 and older.lease be informed that I submitted 
Methods The SR was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023402436) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for 
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, 2020) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across 
f
ive databases—PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO—for relevant English-language studies 
published from January 2003 to December 2024. The study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 
(RoB 2) and the Revised Risk of Bias Assessment 2 (RoBANS 2) tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted following 
established methodological guidance.
Results Eight studies were included, consisting of five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three non-randomized 
controlled trials (NRCTs), with a total of 1,439 participants. The interventions included individual, group, and 
multimedia education and consultations. Six studies showed significant improvement in knowledge, while seven 
showed improvement in one or more constructs of the CHBMS related to beliefs about mammogram screening. 
Key factors influencing screening intentions were embarrassment, cost, income level, health insurance, age, and 
immigration status. Limitations of the studies included small sample sizes, reliance on self-reported data, lack of 
control groups, and short follow-up periods.
Conclusion Educational interventions based on HBM generally improve BC knowledge, beliefs, and intentions 
about mammography in women aged 40 years and older. Interventions that incorporate multiple strategies within 
healthcare settings show the most significant improvements. Future approaches should be multifaceted, sensitive to 
cultural and socioeconomic contexts, and include ongoing follow-up to promote screening adherence and early BC 
detection.},
organization = {Karolinska Institute - (Open access funding)},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
keywords = {Mammography},
keywords = {Attitudes},
keywords = {Practice},
title = {Health belief model-based educational interventions for knowledge, beliefs, and intentions on mammography: a systematic review},
doi = {10.1186/s12905-025-04218-9},
author = {Shaker Abu Abed, Ahmad and Garcia-Valdes, Luz María and Taha, Hana and Amezcua Prieto, María Del Carmen},
}