@misc{10481/111509,
year = {2026},
month = {2},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/111509},
abstract = {This paper presents an experimental and analytical study on the structural performance and resource efficiency of hybrid glulam beams manufactured from pine (Pinus nigra) and poplar (Populus × euramericana, clone MC). In hybrid glulam beams, the modulus of elasticity is inherently non-uniform, varying both longitudinally and transversely because individual boards exhibit spatial stiffness variability along their length and across the cross-section. The main objective is to quantify the mechanical benefits of pine-poplar hybridization and to develop a predictive formulation for the beam modulus of elasticity accounting for these longitudinal and transverse stiffness distributions. Single-species and hybrid glulam beams were manufactured from pine and poplar boards and characterized by non-destructive testing and four-point bending tests according to UNE-EN 408. A new analytical formulation was developed to predict the beam modulus of elasticity from the spatial distribution of board elastic moduli, explicitly considering the strategic placement of the highest-stiffness boards in the outer lamellas, where bending stresses are maximum. The results show that this selection and placement increases the modulus of elasticity of hybrid glulam beams by 21 %, reaching values comparable to single-species pine beams, while also increasing flexural strength by 18 % and reducing beam density by 22 %. These findings are relevant for both researchers and the structural timber industry, enabling efficient, lightweight, and competitive hybrid glulam solutions for structural applications.},
organization = {SMARTTIMBER PID2020.114386RB.I00},
organization = {LIGHTTIMBER TED2021-130039B-I00},
organization = {GLUCAR PID2023-148379OA-I00},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Resource efficiency},
keywords = {Glulam beams},
keywords = {Analytical formulation},
keywords = {Pine},
keywords = {Poplar},
keywords = {Non-destructive testing},
title = {Structural performance and analytical modelling of hybrid pine-poplar glulam beams through efficient use of resources},
doi = {10.1016/j.istruc.2026.111464},
author = {Cruz, Carlos and Bravo Pareja, Rafael and Rescalvo Fernández, Francisco José and Fuentes-García, Yaiza and Lafuente Bolívar, Francisco Javier},
}