@misc{10481/108885,
year = {2026},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108885},
abstract = {Objective: Monitoring occupational exposure in hospital settings requires valid non-invasive exposure assessment methods. We aimed to develop a multianalyte method to characterize and quantify urinary levels of anesthetic gases in healthcare professionals. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 37 recently exposed and 24 non-exposed professionals. A multianalyte method was developed and validated to measure urinary concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and its main metabolite, hexafluoroisopropanol, using headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). Results: The methodology was successfully validated. It demonstrated adequate linearity and sensitivity [correlation coefficients (R²): 99.5–99.9%]. Limits of detection for the anesthetic gases were 0.15 to 0.60 ng/mL, and limits of quantification were 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL. The recovery percentage ranged from 95.17% to 102.40%, and relative standard deviations were below 15%. Detectable concentrations in exposed participants ranged from 1.0 to 3.80 ng/mL (mean 0.53 ng/mL) for desflurane, 0.5 to 19.59 ng/mL (mean 1.39 ng/mL) for sevoflurane, and 2.0 to 729.35 ng/mL (mean 49.74 ng/mL) for hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). No detectable concentrations of isoflurane were found in the exposed volunteers, nor were any of the anesthetics found in the non-exposed volunteers. Conclusions: A multianalyte HS-GC-MS method was successfully developed to simultaneously determine four anesthetic gases in urine samples and was validated in real-world samples from healthcare professionals. Future studies are needed to investigate the safety of exposure to these compounds for anesthesiologists and operating room nurses.},
organization = {European Union Horizon Europe research and innovation,  #101057014},
organization = {Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII)},
organization = {ISCIII, Grant no. FI24/00299, CD24/00116,  CP25/00111},
organization = {Ministerio de Universidades, PRX23_00541},
publisher = {Hans Kromhout},
keywords = {Anaesthetic gases},
keywords = {Occupational Health},
keywords = {Biomonitoring},
title = {Multianalyte method to simultaneously evaluate occupational exposure to anesthetic gases in urine samples from healthcare professionals},
author = {Espín Moreno, Lydia and Durán-López, Alfonso M. and Pérez Cantero, Ainhoa and Benavente-Romero, Alberto and Rodríguez Carrillo, Andrea and Mustieles Miralles, Vicente and Saz-Terrado, Tomás and Fernández, Mariana F.},
}