@misc{10481/108802,
year = {2025},
month = {11},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108802},
abstract = {This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between performance in underwater undulatory swimming (UUS)
and joint kinematics as well as intersegmental coordination. Thirty-one swimmers performed two 15 m UUS
trials with maximum effort, and two-dimensional full-body kinematics were recorded using a camera. Twentyfour participants were categorised into higher- and lower-performance groups based on their UUS performance (n = 9 and n = 15, respectively) according to specific inclusion criteria. Time-series data of swimming
velocity and joint and segmental angles were compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for
continuous analysis. A kinematic synergy analysis was conducted to extract intersegmental coordination patterns
from a single cycle of UUS movement. The SPM analysis revealed that the higher-performance group achieved
greater swimming velocity during specific phases of both downward and upward kicks, with a longer period of
difference in the upward kick phase. This result highlighted that attaining greater velocity during the upward
kick is important for better UUS performance. The higher-performance group also exhibited greater shoulder
motion during the downward kick, a larger maximal knee extension angle, and greater trunk movement during
the upward kick. Furthermore, the difference in trunk motion was mainly attributed to variations in lower trunk
movement. Kinematic synergy analysis indicated that two primary synergies predominantly contributed to UUS
movement in both groups; however, coordination patterns involving the arm, lower trunk, and thighs differed
between groups. These findings suggest that swimmers with higher UUS performance regulate shoulder and
lower trunk movements to maintain an upper body position that minimises water resistance.},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Dolphin kick},
keywords = {Motion analysis},
keywords = {SPM},
title = {Joint kinematics and inter-segmental coordination during underwater undulatory swimming: Comparing swimmers of different performance levels},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113085},
author = {Yamakawa, Keisuke K. and Nakazono, Yusaku and Arellano Colomina, Raúl and Ruiz-Navarro, Jesús J. and Sengoku, Yasuo and Takagi, Hideki},
}