@misc{10481/108344,
year = {2025},
month = {9},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108344},
abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional
perimetry for assessing visual fields. However, the clinical validity of commercially available VR-based perimetry devices remains uncertain due to variability in hardware, software,
and testing protocols. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines
to evaluate the validity of VR-based perimetry compared to the Humphrey Field Analyzer
(HFA). Literature searches were performed across MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of
Science. Studies were included if they assessed commercially available VR-based visual
field devices in comparison to HFA and reported visual field outcomes. Devices were
categorized by regulatory status (FDA, CE, or uncertified), and results were synthesized
narratively. Nineteen studies were included. Devices such as Heru, Olleyes VisuALL,
and the Advanced Vision Analyzer showed promising agreement with HFA metrics, especially in moderate to advanced glaucoma. However, variability in performance was
observed depending on disease severity, population type, and device specifications. Limited dynamic range and lack of eye tracking were common limitations in lower-complexity
devices. Pediatric validation and performance in early-stage disease were often suboptimal.
Several VR-based perimetry systems demonstrate clinically acceptable validity compared
to HFA, particularly in certain patient subgroups. However, broader validation, protocol
standardization, and regulatory approval are essential for widespread clinical adoption.
These devices may support more accessible visual field testing through telemedicine and
decentralized care.},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Perimetry},
keywords = {Glaucoma},
keywords = {Humphrey Field Analyzer},
title = {Evaluating the Clinical Validity of Commercially Available Virtual Reality Headsets for Visual Field Testing: A Systematic Review},
doi = {10.3390/vision9040080},
author = {Vera Vílchez, Jesús and Glazier, Alan N. and Dunbar, Mark T. and Ripkin, Douglas and Nafey, Masoud},
}