@misc{10481/107231,
year = {2025},
month = {12},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/107231},
abstract = {Water purification is essential to ensuring access to drinking water and safeguarding the health of both livestock
animals and humans. One of the most common methods to purify water in drinking water treatment plants
(DWTPs) is chlorination and chlorine dioxide. However, these processes can produce undesirable and potentially
harmful by-products, such as chlorite (ClO2
-
) and chlorate (ClO3
-
). While granulated activated carbon (GAC) is
classically and effectively employed to eliminate many hazardous contaminants, it exhibits inadequate efficiency
in the removal of ClO2
- and ClO3
-
. In an attempt to improve the current methods, a GAC has been here modified
with an alkylquaternary ammonium-based surfactant, the 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC).
Upon the selection of the best reaction conditions in terms of surfactant functionalization, reaction time and the
prevention of pellets breakage, the synthesis of the modified carbon (CPC@GAC) was successfully scaled up to
kilograms. Then, a pilot scale experiment was performed in a DWTP filling a 0.21 m3
-column bed with the
CPC@GAC material. When using real water flows (with corresponding to empy bed contact times-EBTC of 3.9,
5.2, 7.8 and 15.5 min), the time to reach 50 % of saturation (t50 %) was 6.0, 22.9, 22.0 and 54.8 days,
respectively. These values surpass those obtained with non-modified GAC, thereby demonstrating the practical
applicability of this modified adsorbed in water disinfection treatments.},
organization = {Canal de Isabel II Company y IMDEA Energy Institute - Industrial Doctorate Project, Comunidad de Madrid (IND2019/AMB17129)},
organization = {MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 - FSE (Grant RYC2021-032522-I)},
organization = {MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Project CNS2022-135779)},
organization = {Junta de Andalucía (Grants B-FQM-394, ProyExcel_00105, DGF_PLSQ_2023_00188)},
organization = {Comunidad de Madrid — Project CMOFs4water-CM (TEC-2024/ECO-332)},
organization = {Universidad de Granada / CBUA  (Open access)},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Pilot-plant scale},
keywords = {Cationic surfactant modification},
keywords = {Granulated activated carbon},
title = {Pilot-scale assessment of modified activated carbon for minimizing disinfection by-products in freshwater},
doi = {10.1016/j.jece.2025.119506},
author = {Sanchez Cano, Gabriel and Amado, Margarita and Arozamena, Eduardo and Sáez, Lydia and Lastra, Antonio and Rojas Macías, Sara and Horcajada, Patricia},
}