@misc{10481/107230,
year = {2025},
month = {10},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/107230},
abstract = {Background:  Obstetric violence (OV) is a gender-based human rights violation during
pregnancy, labour, and postpartum. Despite increasing recognition, the global
prevalence and risk factors associated with OV remain poorly understood. We aim to
estimate the prevalence of OV worldwide, examine regional disparities, and identify the
associated risk factors through an umbrella review.
Methods: After prospective registration (PROSPERO CRD42025631985), a comprehensive
search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo for reviews
published between January 2015 and March 2025. Two reviewers independently
selected studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the AMSTAR
2 tool. Overlap of studies among the included reviews was quantified using the
corrected covered area (CCA). The risk factor data were summarised as odds ratio (OR)
with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results:  Fourteen reviews, with a total of 1,116,159 participants, were included; of
which 10 (71.4%) were of critically low or low quality and only one review was
high quality. The CCA was very low at 1.136%. OV prevalence varied from 23.2% to
59%, depending on region and definitional criteria. Forms of OV included physical
(3.1–78.4%), verbal or psychological (2.6–66%), and social (1.9–94%) mistreatment.
Statistically significant risk factors included low socioeconomic status (maximum
OR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.4–9.7), obstetric complications (maximum OR = 6.41; 95%
CI: 1.36–30.14), limited education (OR = 5.92; 95% CI 1.38–23.81), public healthcare
births (maximum OR = 4.34; IC 95%: 1.58–11.97), instrumental delivery (OR = 2.35; 95%
CI: 1.72–3.22), and inadequate provider training (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05–2.04).
Conclusions:  OV is a prevalent global issue. Vulnerable populations, i.e. those with
lower socioeconomic status and limited education, were more often affected. The low
methodological quality of the existing literature is a key weakness. There is a need for
standardised definitions and improved research validity for the development of
evidence-based interventions.},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis Group},
keywords = {Obstetric Violence},
keywords = {Pregnancy mistreatment},
keywords = {Prevalence},
title = {Obstetric violence prevalence and risk factors: an umbrella review},
doi = {10.1080/01443615.2025.2566204},
author = {Gabiati Niedo, Victoria Roberta and Lahoz Molina, Lucía Guinevere and Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi and Waltrich, Nichole and Saeed Khan, Khalid and Amezcua Prieto, María Del Carmen},
}