@misc{10481/106852,
year = {2025},
month = {8},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106852},
abstract = {Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) and klamath (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) are widely consumed
cyanobacteria-based food supplements valued for their nutritional and health-promoting
properties. However, these products are susceptible to contamination by cyanotoxins,
which are potent toxins produced by co-occurring cyanobacteria that may pose health risks
to consumers. In this study, we applied an integrated targeted and suspect screening approach to comprehensively assess the presence of cyanotoxins in commercial spirulina- and
klamath-based food supplements. Targeted analysis was performed using UHPLC-QqQ
under dynamic multiple reaction-monitoring conditions optimized for the determination of
twelve cyclic peptide cyanotoxins. Suspect screening was conducted using high-resolution
mass spectrometry (HRMS) with a Q-Orbitrap analyser, applying a specific workflow to
detect additional related compounds lacking analytical standards. The method enabled
the detection and identification of multiple cyanotoxins, including microcystins, nodularin,
and anabaenopeptins. The combination of targeted and suspect workflows allowed for a
broader coverage of potential related cyanotoxins. Several cyanotoxins were detected in a
klamath-based supplement, with high concentrations of microcystin-RR, while additional
variants were identified through suspect screening. These findings highlight the need for
routine monitoring and stricter regulatory oversight of cyanobacteria-based supplements
to ensure consumer safety.},
organization = {MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 - ERDF (PID2021-1278040BI00)},
organization = {Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación, Junta de Andalucía (PROYEXCEL_00195)},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {cyanotoxins},
keywords = {food supplements},
keywords = {Blue-green algae},
title = {Application of Targeted and Suspect Screening Workflows for Cyclic Peptide Cyanotoxin Profiling in Spirulina- and Klamath-Based Food Supplements},
doi = {10.3390/foods14172969},
author = {Carbonell Rozas, Laura and Aparicio Muriana, M. Mar and Romero González, Roberto and Garrido Frenich, Antonia and García-Campaña, Ana M. and del Olmo-Iruela, Monsalud},
}