@misc{10481/106467,
year = {2025},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106467},
abstract = {Time synchronization is essential for industrial IoT and Industry 4.0/5.0 applications, but achieving high synchronization accuracy in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)-5G networks is challenging due to jitter and asymmetric delays. 3GPP TS 23.501 defines three 5G synchronization modes: time-aware system, boundary clock (BC), and transparent clock (TC), where TC offers a promising solution. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical evaluation of TC in a TSN5G network. This paper empirically evaluates an 5G end-to-end TC in a TSN-5G network, implemented on commercial TSN switches with a single clock. For TC development, we compute the residence time in 5G and recover the clock domain at the slave node. We deploy a TSN-5G testbed with commercial equipment for synchronization evaluation by modifying the Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) message transmission rates. Experimental results show a peak-to-peak synchronization of 500 ns, meeting the industrial requirement of ≤ 1 µs, with minimal synchronization offsets for specific PTP message transmission rates.},
organization = {Spanish Government TSI-063000-2021-28},
organization = {NextGenerationEU},
organization = {MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 PID2022-137329OB-C43},
organization = {ERDF/EU},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Universities (FPU Grant 21/04225), (FPU Grant 20/02621)},
publisher = {IEEE},
keywords = {Transparent Clock},
keywords = {Time Synchronization},
keywords = {5G},
keywords = {Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)},
title = {Empirical Evaluation of a 5G Transparent Clock for Time Synchronization in a TSN-5G Network},
doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2509.06454},
author = {Caleya Sánchez, Julia and Muñoz Luengo, Pablo and Sánchez Garrido, Jorge and Florentín, Emilio and Delgado Ferro, Félix and Martín Rodríguez, Pablo Jesús and Ameigeiras Gutiérrez, Pablo José},
}