@misc{10481/106219,
year = {2025},
month = {7},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106219},
abstract = {As lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) gain widespread use, detecting electrolyte–vapor emissions
during early thermal runaway (TR) remains critical to ensuring battery safety; yet, it
remains understudied. Gas sensors integrating oxide nanostructures offer a promising
solution as they possess high sensitivity and fast response, enabling rapid detection of
various gas-phase indicators of battery failure. Utilizing this approach, 3D ordered tin
oxide (SnO2) nanostructures were synthesized using polystyrene sphere (PS) templates of
varied diameters (200–1500 nm) and precursor concentrations (0.2–0.6 mol/L) to detect key
electrolyte–vapors, especially ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), released in the early stages
of TR. The 3D ordered SnO2 nanostructures with ring- and nanonet-like morphologies,
formed after PS template removal, were characterized, and the effects of template size
and precursor concentration on their structure and sensing performance were investigated.
Among various nanostructures of SnO2, nanonets achieved by a 1000 nm PS template and
0.4 mol/L precursor showed higher mesoporosity (~28 nm) and optimal EMC detection.
At 210 ◦C, it detected 10 ppm EMC with a response of ~7.95 and response/recovery times
of 14/17 s, achieving a 500 ppb detection limit alongside excellent reproducibility/stability.
This study demonstrates that precise structural control of SnO2 nanostructures using
templates enables sensitive EMC detection, providing an effective sensor-based strategy to
enhance LIB safety.},
organization = {National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
Nos. 11774241, 12074263, 52372154, U22A2077)},
organization = {Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research
Foundation (2025A1515012171)},
organization = {Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission
(Grant Nos. 20220809152330002 and 20220809104426003)},
organization = {MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 - Fondo Social Europeo Plus (RYC2022-036453-I)},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {battery safety},
keywords = {electrolyte leakage},
keywords = {ordered porous SnO2 nanostructures},
keywords = {gas sensor},
keywords = {EMC detection},
title = {Three-Dimensional Ordered Porous SnO2 Nanostructures Derived from Polystyrene Sphere Templates for Ethyl Methyl Carbonate Detection in Battery Safety Applications},
doi = {10.3390/nano15151150},
author = {Cao, Peijiang and Qu, Linlong and Jia, Fang and Zeng, Yuxiang and Zhu, Deliang and Wang, Chunfeng and Han, Shun and Fang, Ming and Liu, Xinke and Liu, Wenjun and T. Navale, Sachin},
}