@misc{10481/106140,
year = {2017},
month = {12},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/106140},
abstract = {Identifying and characterising the pigments forming part of a work of art is particularly relevant
for the chronological authentication of a painting, as well as knowledge of the great masters
artistic resources, which could result in the work being catalogued. The aim of this research is to
morphologically characterise and differentiate two black pigments of an organic nature, which are
intrinsically mixed together and compacted by a binder. These pigments are part of a black
monochrome painting on alabaster by Francisco de Goya. The observation with SEM and EDX
microanalysis have allowed to identify and morphologically differentiate these two pigments:
vegetable black or vine black and carbon black (lamp black). Thus, in the case of vine black
pigment, polygonal forms were observed that may indicate the rigid walls characteristic of
vegetable cells. Lamp black pigment can be associated withsmall spherical structures, apparently
homogeneous, which appear along with the polygonal vine black forms. We have suggested that
Goya mixed these two pigments to obtain a more stable pictorial mixture provided by the black
vine pigment and a darker color by the lamp black pigment. The two black pigments that were
identified are bound together by a mixture of linseed oil and egg, denoting a tempera grassa
painting technique.},
organization = {Andalusian Research Groups HUM-839},
publisher = {Manager System},
keywords = {Francisco de Goya, 18th century,},
keywords = {Painting, alabaster support,},
keywords = {Vine black pigment, lamp black pigment,},
keywords = {Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM-EDX),},
keywords = {micro Raman spectroscopy (mRS),},
keywords = {Visible and near-infrared spectrophotometry.},
title = {Differentiation black pigments in “Maja and Celestina”, a painting on alabaster by Francisco de Goya},
author = {Rodríguez Simón, Luis Rodrigo and León Coloma, Miguel Ángel and Del Sol López, Vicente},
}