@misc{10481/105115,
year = {2025},
month = {7},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/105115},
abstract = {The optimization of intrathecal drug delivery procedures requires a deeper understanding of flow and transport
in the spinal canal. Numerical modeling of drug dispersion is challenging due to the disparity in time scales: disper‑
sion occurs over 1 hour, while cerebrospinal fluid pulsations driven by cardiac motion occur on a 1‑second scale.
Patient‑specific predictions in clinical settings demand simplified descriptions that focus on drug‑dispersion times,
bypassing the rapid concentration oscillations caused by cyclic motion. A previously derived reduced‑order model
involving convective transport driven by mean Lagrangian drift is tested here through comparisons with MRI‑
informed direct numerical simulations (DNS) of drug dispersion in a cervical‑canal model featuring nerve rootlets
and denticulate ligaments. The comparisons demonstrate that the reduced model is able to describe precisely drug
transport, enabling drug‑dispersion predictions at a fraction of the computational cost involved in the DNS. Approxi‑
mate descriptions assuming convective transport to be governed by the mean Eulerian velocity are found to signifi‑
cantly underpredict drug dispersion, highlighting the critical role of mean Lagrangian motion. Our results also confirm
the substantial influence of microanatomical features on drug dispersion, consistent with earlier analyses. A key
additional finding from the DNS is that molecular diffusion has a negligible impact on drug dispersion, with the mean
drift of fluid particles primarily dictating the evolution of the drug distribution—an insight valuable for future mod‑
eling efforts.},
organization = {MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2023‑151343NB‑C31, PID2023‑151343NB‑C32, PID2023‑151343NB‑C33},
organization = {FEDER, UE PID2020‑115961RB‑C31, PID2020‑115961RB‑C32, PID2020‑115961RA‑C33},
organization = {NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke #1R01NS120343‑01},
organization = {BBVA Foundation},
organization = {Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación},
organization = {ERDF Andalusia Program 2021‑2027},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
keywords = {CSF Flow},
keywords = {Intrathecal drug delivery},
keywords = {Biomedical fluid dynamics},
keywords = {Lagrangian motion},
title = {On reduced‑order modeling of drug dispersion in the spinal canal},
doi = {10.1186/s12987-025-00657-6},
author = {Parras-Martos, Francisco Javier and Sanchez, Antonio Luis and Sánchez, Antonio Luis and Martínez Bazán, Jesús Carlos and Coenen, Wilfried and Gutiérrez-Montes, Cándido},
}