@misc{10481/44824,
year = {2016},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/44824},
abstract = {Background:
Apple polyphenols could represent a novel nutritional approach in the management and control of blood glucose, especially in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of an apple polyphenol extract (APE) in an insulin-resistant rat model and to determine the molecular basis of insulin sensitivity action in skeletal muscle cells.},
abstract = {Methods:

Acute effect of APE on the postprandial hyperglycemic response was assayed in 15 week old obese Zucker rats (OZR), by using a meal tolerance test (MTT). The ability of APE to improve whole peripheral insulin sensitivity was also assayed in a chronic study by using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, rat L6 myotubes were used. Glucose uptake was measured by using 2-[3H]-Deoxy-Glucose (2-DG) and specific inhibitors, as well as phosphorylation status of key kinases, were used to determine the implicated signaling pathway.},
abstract = {Results:

In vivo study showed that nutritional intervention with APE induced an increase of insulin sensitivity with an increase of glucose infusion rate (GIR) of 45 %. Additionally, in vitro results showed a synergistic effect between APE and insulin as well as increased glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation in muscle cells. This translocation was mediated by phosphatydil inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways.},
abstract = {Conclusions:

As a whole, this study describes the mechanisms involved in the insulin sensitizing effect of APE, which could be considered a promising ingredient for inclusion in nutritional products focused on the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.},
organization = {This research was supported by funds from Abbott Laboratories S.A.},
publisher = {Biomed Central},
keywords = {Apple polyphenol extract},
keywords = {Insulin sensitivity},
keywords = {Blood glucose uptake},
keywords = {Skeletal muscle},
keywords = {Diabetes},
title = {Apple polyphenol extract improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of insulin resistance},
doi = {10.1186/s12986-016-0088-8},
author = {Manzano, Manuel and Girón González, María Dolores and Vílchez Rienda, José Dámaso and Sevillano Tripero, Natalia and El-Azem de Haro, Nuri and Rueda Cabrera, Ricardo and Salto González, Rafael and López-Pedrosa, José M.},
}