@misc{10481/44667,
year = {2016},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/44667},
abstract = {It has been estimated that at least a third of the most common
cancers are related to lifestyle and as such are preventable. Key modifiable
lifestyle factors have been individually associated with cancer risk; however,
less is known about the combined effects of these factors.
This study generated a healthy lifestyle index score (HLIS) to
investigate the joint effect of modifiable factors on the risk of overall
cancers, alcohol-related cancers, tobacco-related cancers, obesity-related
cancers, and reproductive-related cancers. The study included 391,608
men and women from the multinational European Prospective Investigation
into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The HLIS was constructed
from 5 factors assessed at baseline (diet, physical activity,
smoking, alcohol consumption, and anthropometry) by assigning scores
of 0 to 4 to categories of each factor, for which higher values indicate
healthier behaviors. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by Cox
proportional regression and population attributable fractions (PAFs)
estimated from the adjusted models.
There was a 5% lower risk (adjusted HR 0.952, 95% confidence
interval (CI): 0.946, 0.958) of all cancers per point score of the index for
men and 4% (adjusted HR 0.961, 95% CI: 0.956, 0.966) for women. The
fourth versus the second category of the HLIS was associated with a 28%
and 24% lower risk for men and women respectively across all cancers,
41%and 33%for alcohol-related, 49%and 46%for tobacco-related, 41%
and 26% for obesity-related, and 21% for female reproductive cancers.
Findings suggest simple behavior modifications could have a sizeable
impact on cancer prevention, especially for men.},
publisher = {Wolters Kluwer},
keywords = {Cancer},
keywords = {Europe},
keywords = {Life style},
keywords = {Prevention},
title = {Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Study},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000002850},
author = {McKenzie, Fiona and Biessy, Carine and Ferrari, Pietro and Freisling, Heinz and Rinaldi, Sabina and Chajès, Veronique and Dahm, Christina C. and Overvad, Kim and Dossus, Laure and Lagiou, Pagona and Trichopoulos, Dimitrios and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Bueno de Mesquita, Bas and May, Anne and Peeters, Petra H. and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Sánchez Pérez, María José and Navarro, Carmen and Ardanaz, Eva and Ericson, Ulrika and Wirfält, Elisabet and Travis, Ruth C. and Romieu, Isabelle},
}