Neurocranium versus Face: A Morphometric Approach with Classical Anthropometric Variables for Characterizing Patterns of Cranial Integration in Extant Hominoids and Extinct Hominins Pérez-Claros, Juan Antonio Jiménez Arenas, Juan Manuel Palmqvist Barrena, Carlos Paul Human evolution Paleoanthropology Cranium Gorillas Evolutionary development biology Apes Hominid paleoneurology Factor analysis The relative importance of the two main cranial complexes, the neurocranium and the splanchnocranium, has been examined in the five species of extant hominoids and in a huge sample of extinct hominins using six standard craniometric variables that measure the length, width and height of each cranial module. Factor analysis and two-block partial least squares were used for establishing the major patterns of developmental and evolutionary integration between both cranial modules. The results obtained show that all extant hominoids (including the anatomically modern humans) share a conserved pattern of developmental integration, a result that agrees with previous studies. The pattern of evolutionary integration between both cranial modules in australopiths runs in parallel to developmental integration. In contrast, the pattern of evolutionary and developmental integration of the species of the genus Homo is the opposite, which is probably the consequence of distinctive selective regimes for both hominin groups. 2015-09-22T10:34:33Z 2015-09-22T10:34:33Z 2015 info:eu-repo/semantics/article Pérez-Claros, J.A.; Jiménez-Arenas, J.M.; Palmqvist, P. Neurocranium versus Face: A Morphometric Approach with Classical Anthropometric Variables for Characterizing Patterns of Cranial Integration in Extant Hominoids and Extinct Hominins. Plos One, 10(7): e0131055 (2015). [http://hdl.handle.net/10481/37475] 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/10481/37475 10.1371/journal.pone.0131055 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License Public Library of Science (PLOS)