Diversity and antimicrobial potential in sea anemone and holothurian microbiomes
Metadatos
Mostrar el registro completo del ítemAutor
León Palmero, Elizabeth; Joglar, Vanessa; Álvarez, Pedro A.; Martín Platero, Antonio Manuel; Llamas Company, Inmaculada; Reche Cañabate, IsabelEditorial
Public Library of Science
Fecha
2018Referencia bibliográfica
LeoÂn-Palmero E, Joglar V,AÂ lvarez PA, MartõÂn-Platero A, Llamas I, Reche I (2018) Diversity and antimicrobial potential in sea anemone and holothurian microbiomes. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196178. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0196178]
Patrocinador
This work was supported by Campus de Excelencia Internacional BIOTIC (CEI Biotic) Universidad de Granada, http://biotic.ugr.es, Grant PBS46. iMare Natural S.L. provided support in the form of salaries for author PAA, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of this author is articulated in the `author contributions' section.Resumen
Marine invertebrates, as holobionts, contain symbiotic bacteria that coevolve and develop
antimicrobial substances. These symbiotic bacteria are an underexplored source of new
bioactive molecules to face the emerging antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Here, we
explored the antimicrobial activity of bacteria retrieved from the microbiota of two sea anemones
(Anemonia sulcata, Actinia equina) and two holothurians (Holothuria tubulosa,
Holothuria forskali). We tested the antimicrobial activity of the isolated bacteria against pathogens
with interest for human health, agriculture and aquaculture. We isolated 27 strains
with antibacterial activity and 12 of these isolates also showed antifungal activity. We taxonomically
identified these strains being Bacillus and Vibrio species the most representative
producers of antimicrobial substances. Microbiome species composition of the two sea
anemones was similar between them but differed substantially of seawater bacteria. In contrast,
microbiome species composition of the two holothurian species was different between
them and in comparison with the bacteria in holothurian feces and seawater. In all the holobiont
microbiomes Bacteroidetes was the predominant phylum. For each microbiome, we
determined diversity and the rank-abundance dominance using five fitted models (null, preemption,
log-Normal, Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot). The models with less evenness (i.e. Zipf
and Zipf-Mandelblot) showed the best fits in all the microbiomes. Finally, we tracked (using
the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene) the relative abundance of these 27 isolates
with antibacterial activity in the total pool of sequences obtained for the microbiome of each
holobiont. Coincidences, although with extremely low frequencies, were detected only in the
microbiome of H. forskali. This fact suggests that these isolated bacteria belong to the long
tail of rare symbiotic bacteria. Therefore, more and more sophisticated culture techniques
are necessary to explore this apparently vast pool of rare symbiontic bacteria and to determine
their biotechnological potentiality.